Wound retractor device

ABSTRACT

A wound retractor device ( 1 ) comprises a distal ring member ( 2 ) for insertion into a wound opening ( 3 ), a proximal ring member ( 4 ) for location externally of the wound opening ( 3 ), and four strap members ( 5 ) extending between the proximal ring member ( 4 ) and the distal ring member ( 2 ). The four separate strap members ( 5 ) are axially movable relative to the distal ring member ( 2 ) and relative to the proximal ring member ( 4 ). The distal ring member ( 2 ) comprises four slots ( 6 ), with each strap member ( 5 ) positioned extending through a slot ( 6 ). The slots ( 6 ) thus act as passageways through which the strap members ( 5 ) may extend, and in this manner the slots ( 6 ) guide movement of the strap members ( 5 ) relative to the distal ring member ( 2 ). The proximal ring member ( 4 ) also comprises four slots ( 7 ) which act as passageways to guide movement of the strap members ( 5 ) relative to the proximal ring member ( 4 ). In use, the distal ring member ( 2 ) is inserted into the wound opening ( 3 ), and the proximal ring member ( 4 ) is located externally of the wound opening ( 3 ). The second end ( 10 ) of each strap member ( 5 ) is then gripped, and a pulling force is exerted to retract laterally the sides of the wound opening ( 3 ).

This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/995,117, filedNov. 24, 2004, which is a continuation of application Ser. No.10/133,979, filed Apr. 29, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,846,287, which is acontinuation of application Ser. No. 09/801,826, filed Mar. 9, 2001, nowabandoned, which is a continuation of PCT International Application No.PCT/IE99/00122, filed Dec. 1, 1999. This application claims the benefitof U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/555,398, filed on Mar. 23, 2004.The contents of all of the above-listed applications are incorporatedherein by reference.

INTRODUCTION

This invention relates to a wound retractor device, and to a method ofretracting a wound opening.

STATEMENTS OF INVENTION

According to the invention there is provided a wound retractor devicecomprising:

-   -   a distal member for insertion into a wound opening;    -   a proximal member for location externally of the wound opening;        and    -   a connecting member extending at least between the distal member        and the proximal member;    -   at least part of the connecting member being movable relative to        the proximal member to shorten the length of the connecting        member located between the distal member and the proximal member        and thereby retract laterally the sides of the wound opening.

In one embodiment of the invention the connecting member comprises atleast one strap member. The connecting member may comprise two or morestrap members. In one case a first strap member is separate from asecond strap member. In another case a first strap member is attached toa second strap member.

The connecting member may comprise a sleeve member. The sleeve membermay provide the means of attachment of the first strap member to thesecond strap member. In one case the first strap member extends from thesleeve member in a first direction, and the second strap member extendsfrom the sleeve member in the first direction. The sum of thecircumferential dimensions of the strap members may be substantiallyequal to the circumferential dimension of the sleeve member. The strapmember may be attached to an end of the sleeve member. In one case thefirst strap member is attached to a first end of the sleeve member, andthe second strap member is attached to the first end of the sleevemember.

In one case the connecting member is axially movable relative to theproximal member.

At least part of the connecting member may be movable relative to theproximal member in a lateral direction. In one case at least part of theconnecting member is movable relative to the proximal member in adirection substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a woundopening. In another case at least part of the connecting member ismovable relative to the proximal member in a direction substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening.

At least part of the connecting member may be slidably movable relativeto the proximal member.

In one embodiment of the invention the device comprises a guide to guidemovement of the connecting member relative to the proximal member. Theguide may comprise a passageway through which the connecting member isextendable. The passageway may be provided by a slot in the proximalmember. A longitudinal axis of the passageway may be substantiallyperpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening. A longitudinalaxis of the passageway may be substantially parallel to a longitudinalaxis of a wound opening.

In one case the connecting member is movable relative to the distalmember. The device may comprise a guide to guide movement of theconnecting member relative to the distal member. The guide may comprisea passageway through which the connecting member is extendable. In onecase the passageway is provided by a slot in the distal member. Alongitudinal axis of the passageway may be substantially perpendicularto a longitudinal axis of a wound opening. A longitudinal axis of thepassageway may be substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of awound opening.

In one embodiment the connecting member extends between the distalmember and the proximal member in a double layer. The connecting membermay be looped around at least part of the distal member. In one case afirst end of the connecting member is fixed relative to the proximalmember. A second end of the connecting member may be movable relative tothe proximal member. In one case the connecting member extends from thefirst end distally to the distal member in a first layer, and extendsfrom the distal member proximally to the second end in a second layer,the second layer being radially outwardly of the first layer. In anothercase the connecting member extends from the first end distally to thedistal member in a first layer, and extends from the distal memberproximally to the second end in a second layer, the second layer beingradially inwardly of the first layer.

In one case the device is configured to self-lock the connecting memberin position relative to the proximal member.

In a further embodiment the connecting member is fixed relative to thedistal member.

The connecting member may extend between the distal member and theproximal member in a single layer.

In one case at least part of the connecting member is grippable to moveat least part of the connecting member relative to the proximal member.The grippable part of the connecting member may be configured to thelocated externally of a wound opening.

In a further embodiment the device comprises a lock to releasably lockthe connecting member in position relative to the proximal member. Thelock may comprise a male protrusion for co-operating engagement with afemale recess.

In one case the proximal member comprises the male protrusion, and theconnecting member comprises the female recess. The lock may comprise aplurality of female recesses.

In another case the lock comprises an engagement member releasablyfixable to the connecting member to engage against the proximal member.The engagement member may comprise a clamp.

In another embodiment the device comprises a protector to protect aretracted wound opening. The protector may comprise a sleeve member toline a retracted wound opening. The sleeve member may be mounted to thedistal member. In one case a first end of the sleeve member is fixed tothe distal member and a second end of the sleeve member is configuredfor location externally of a wound opening.

The proximal member may comprise a ring. The distal member may comprisea ring. The ring may be substantially circular. The ring may besubstantially square-shaped.

In one embodiment the connecting member comprises a plurality of strapmembers spaced around the circumference of the proximal member and/orthe distal member.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method ofretracting a wound opening, the method comprising the steps of:

-   -   providing a wound retractor device comprising a distal member, a        proximal member, and a connecting member extending at least        between the distal member and the proximal member;    -   inserting the distal member into the wound opening, and locating        the proximal member externally of the wound opening; and    -   moving at least part of the connecting member relative to the        proximal member to shorten the length of the connecting member        located between the distal member and the proximal member and        thereby retract laterally the sides of the wound opening.

In one case at least part of the connecting member is moved relative tothe proximal member in a lateral direction. At least part of theconnecting member may be moved relative to the proximal member in adirection substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of thewound opening.

In another case at least part of the connecting member is moved relativeto the proximal member in a direction substantially parallel to alongitudinal axis of the wound opening. At least part of the connectingmember may be slidably moved relative to the proximal member.

The method may comprise the steps of gripping at least part of theconnecting member and exerting a force on the connecting member to moveat least part of the connecting member relative to the proximal member.In one case the method comprises the step of releasing the connectingmember after lateral retraction of the sides of the wound opening.

In one embodiment the method comprises the step of guiding movement ofthe connecting member relative to the proximal member.

In another case the method comprises the step of moving the connectingmember relative to the distal member. The method may comprise the stepof guiding movement of the connecting member relative the distal member.

In one case the connecting member is locked in position relative to theproximal member after lateral retraction of the sides of the woundopening. In one case the wound retractor device self-locks theconnecting member in position relative to the proximal member.

In another case the method comprises the step of releasably locking theconnecting member in position relative to the proximal member. Theconnecting member may be releasably locked in position relative to theproximal member by engaging a male protrusion with a female recess. Theconnecting member may be releasably locked in position relative to theproximal member by fixing an engagement member to the connecting member,and engaging the engagement member against the proximal member.

The method may comprise the step of protecting the retracted woundopening. The method may comprise the step of locating a protectorbetween the connecting member and the sides of the wound opening. In onecase step of locating the protector between the connecting member andthe sides of the wound opening is performed after the distal member isinserted into the wound opening. In one case the protector is insertedinto the wound opening with the distal member. The protector may beretrieved from within the wound opening to locate the protector betweenthe connecting member and the sides of the wound opening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more clearly understood from the followingdescription of some embodiments thereof, given by way of example only,with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wound retractor device according tothe invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional, side view of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional, side view of the device of FIG. 1, in use;

FIGS. 4 to 6 are views similar to FIGS. 1 to 3 of another woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are views similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 of a further woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIGS. 9 and 10 are views similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 of another woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIGS. 11 and 12 are cross-sectional, side views of a further woundretractor device according to the invention, in use;

FIGS. 13 and 14 are views similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 of another woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIGS. 15 and 16 are views similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 of another woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIGS. 17 and 18 are views similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 of a further woundretractor device according to the invention;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of another wound retractor deviceaccording to the invention;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are perspective views of another wound retractor deviceaccording to the invention, in use;

FIG. 21(a) is another perspective view of the device of FIG. 20, in use;and

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a further wound retractor deviceaccording to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to the drawings, and initially to FIGS. 1 to 3 thereof, thereis illustrated a wound retractor device 1 according to the invention.The device 1 comprises a distal ring member 2 for insertion into a woundopening 3, a proximal ring member 4 for location externally of the woundopening 3, and a connecting member extending between the proximal ringmember 4 and the distal ring member 2. In this case the connectingmember is provided in the form of four separate strap members 5 whichare axially movable relative to the distal ring member 2 and relative tothe proximal ring member 4. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the distal ringmember 2 and the proximal ring member 4 are substantially circular.

The distal ring member 2 comprises four slots 6, with each strap member5 positioned extending though a slot 6 (FIG. 1). Each strap member 5 ismovable relative to the distal member 2 by sliding of the strap member 5through the slot 6. The slots 6 thus act as passageways through whichthe strap members 5 may extend, and in this manner the slots 6 guidemovement of the strap members 5 relative to the distal ring member 2. Asillustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the longitudinal axis of each slot 6 issubstantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis A-A of the woundopening 3.

The proximal ring member 4 also comprises four slots 7 with each strapmember 5 positioned extending through a slot 7 (FIG. 1). Each strapmember 5 is movable relative to the proximal member 4 by sliding of thestrap member 5 through the slot 7. The slots 7 thus act as passagewaysthrough which the strap members 5 may extend, and in this manner theslots 7 guide movement of the strap members 5 relative to the proximalring member 4. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the longitudinal axis ofeach slot 7 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-Aof the wound opening 3.

A first end 8 of each strap member 5 is fixedly attached to the proximalring member 4, with each strap member 5 extending between the distalring member 2 and proximal ring member 4 in a double layer. Inparticular, each strap member 5 extends from the first end 8 fixed tothe proximal ring member 4 distally towards the distal ring member 2 ina first layer 9. At the distal ring member 2, each strap member 5 islooped through the slot 6. Each strap member 5 then extends from thedistal rig member 2 proximally to a second end 10 of the strap member 5in a second layer 11. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the second layer11 is located radially outwardly of the first layer 9, with the secondlayer 11 bearing against the sides of the wound opening 3 (FIG. 3).

The four strap members 5 are evenly spaced around the circumference ofthe distal ring member 2 and around the circumference of the proximalring member 4. In this manner, an even retracting force is applied tothe sides of the wound opening 3.

In use, the distal ring member 2 is inserted into the wound opening 3,and the proximal ring member 4 is located externally of the woundopening 3. The second end 10 of each strap member 5 is then gripped, anda pulling force is exerted on each second end 10 to pull each second end10 laterally, radially outwardly parallel to the longitudinal axis ofthe slots 7 away from the proximal ring member 4, as illustrated in FIG.3. This pulling action causes each strap member 5 to be pulled axiallythrough the slot 6 in the distal ring member 2 in a sliding manner andthrough the slot 7 in the proximal ring member 4 in a sliding manner, asindicated by the arrows in FIG. 3.

As a result the length of each strap member 5 which is located betweenthe distal ring member 2 and the proximal ring member 4 is shortened,and initially the distal ring member 2 is drawn upwardly towards theproximal ring member 4. When the distal ring member 4 reaches the innersurfaces of the peritoneum 12, further pulling of each strap member 5will cause shortening of the length of each strap member 5 which islocated between the distal ring member 2 and the proximal ring member 4by retracting laterally the sides of the wound opening 3 (FIG. 3). Afterlateral retraction of the sides of the wound opening 3, the second end10 of each strap member 5 may be released.

As the strap members 5 are pulled and the wound opening 3 is retracted,the slots 6 guide movement of the strap members 5 relative to the distalring member 2, and the slots 7 guide movement of the strap members 5relative to the proximal ring member 4. In this way, the slots 6, 7provide the surgeon with enhanced control of the strap members 5.

The wound retractor device 1 is self-locking. Thus, when the pullingforce is released, the strap members 5 remain locked in position withthe wound opening 3 retracted (FIG. 3).

FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate another wound retractor device 20 according tothe invention, which is similar to the device 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3, andsimilar elements in FIGS. 4 to 6 are assigned the same referencenumerals.

In this case, the device 20 comprises a cylindrical film sleeve member21 for lining the retracted wound opening 3 to protect the retractedwound opening 3. A first end 22 of the sleeve member 21 is mounted tothe distal ring member 2 by fixedly attaching the first end 22 to thedistal ring member 2. A ring 23 is provided at a second end 24 of thesleeve member 21.

In use, the distal ring member 2 and the sleeve member 21 are togetherinserted into the wound opening 3. The ring 23 is then gripped andpulled back out of the wound opening 3, and located externally of thewound opening 3 between the proximal ring member 4 and the peritoneum12, as illustrated in FIG. 6. In this manner, the sleeve member 21 isretrieved from within the wound opening 3 and located between the strapmembers 5 and the sides of the wound opening 3. Retraction of the woundopening 3 may then be performed as described previously with referenceto FIGS. 1 to 3. The sleeve member 21 thus acts to line the retractedwound opening 3 to protect the retracted wound opening 3, as illustratedin FIG. 6.

It will be appreciated that the sleeve member 21 may alternatively beprovided disconnected from the distal ring member 2.

In FIGS. 7 and 8 there is illustrated a further wound retractor device25 according to the invention, which is similar to the device 1 of FIGS.1 and 3, and similar elements in FIGS. 7 and 8 are assigned the samereference numerals.

In this case, the longitudinal axis of each slot 6 and the longitudinalaxis of each slot 7 are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axisA-A of the wound opening 3. To retract the wound opening 3, the strapmembers 5 are pulled upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis of theslots 7 away from the proximal ring member 4, as illustrated in FIG. 8.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate another wound retractor device 30 according tothe invention, which is similar to the device 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3, andsimilar elements in FIGS. 9 and 10 are assigned the same referencenumerals.

In this case, the longitudinal axis of the each slot 7 subtends an acuteangle, for example a 45° angle, with the longitudinal axis A-A of thewound opening 3. To retract the wound opening 3, the strap members 5 arepulled upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slots 7 awayfrom the proximal ring member 4, as illustrated in FIG. 10.

It will be appreciated that the longitudinal axis of each slot 6 and/orthe longitudinal axis of each slot 7 may be arranged at any suitableangle relative to the longitudinal axis A-A of the wound opening 3.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12 there is illustrated another woundretractor device 35 according to the invention, which is similar to thedevice 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3, and similar elements in FIGS. 11 and 12 areassigned the same reference numerals.

In this case, there are no slots provided in the distal ring member 2.Instead each strap member 5 is looped around the entire distal ringmember 2. In this manner the distal ring member 2 is associated with thestrap members 5.

In FIGS. 13 and 14, there is illustrated another wound retractor device40 according to the invention, which is similar to the device 1 of FIGS.1 to 3, and similar elements in FIGS. 13 and 14 are assigned the samereference numerals.

In this case, the second layer 11 of each strap member 5 is locatedradially inwardly of the first layer 9, with the first layer 9 bearingagainst the sides of the wound opening 3 (FIG. 14). To retract the woundopening 3, the strap members 5 are pulled laterally radially inwardlyparallel to the longitudinal axis of the slots 7 away from the proximalring member 4, as illustrated in FIG. 14.

In FIGS. 15 and 16, there is illustrated a further wound retractordevice 45 according to the invention.

In this case, there are no slots provided in the distal ring member 2,and the first end 8 of each strap member 5 is fixedly attached to thedistal ring member 2. Each strap member 5 extends between the distalring member 2 and the proximal ring member 4 in a single layer.

In addition, the wound retractor device 45 is not self-locking. Insteadthe device 45 comprises four clamps 46. Each clamp 46 is releasablyfixable to a strap member 5 at a desired location along the strap member5. When the wound opening 3 has been retracted, each clamp 46 is fixedto a strap member 5 at a location engaging against the proximal ringmember 4 (FIG. 16). In this manner, the strap members 5 are releasablylocked in position relative to the proximal ring member 4, and the woundopening 3 is thus releasably locked in the retracted configuration.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18 there is illustrated another woundretractor device 50 according to the invention, which is similar to thedevice 45 of FIGS. 15 and 16, and similar elements in FIGS. 17 and 18are assigned the same reference numerals.

In this case, the proximal ring member 4 comprises four male protrusions51, and each strap member 5 comprises a plurality of female recessopenings 52. Each male protrusion 51 is inserted into one of theopenings 52 of a strap member 5 for co-operative engagement of the maleprotrusion 51 with the opening 52 (FIG. 18). In this manner, the strapmembers 5 are locked in position relative to the proximal ring member 4,and the wound opening 3 is thus locked in the retracted configuration.

FIG. 19 illustrates another wound retractor device 55 according to theinvention, which is similar to the device 35 of FIGS. 11 and 12, andsimilar elements in FIGS. 19 to 21 are assigned the same referencenumerals.

In this case, the device 55 comprises two strap members 5, and no slotsare provided in the proximal ring member 4.

It will be appreciated that any suitable number of one or more strapmembers 5 may be provided in the wound retractor device according to theinvention to achieve the desired retraction of the wound opening 3.

In FIGS. 20 to 21(a) there is illustrated a further wound retractordevice 155 according to the invention, which is similar to the device 55of FIG. 19, and similar elements in FIGS. 20 to 21(a) are assigned thesame reference numerals.

In this case the connecting member, which extends between the proximalring member 4 and the distal ring member 2, is provided in the form of asleeve member 156 and two strap members 5. The two strap members 5extend from an end of the sleeve member 156 in the same direction.

The first end 8 of the sleeve member 156 is fixedly attached to theproximal ring member 4, and extends distally towards the distal ringmember 2 in the first layer 9. At the distal ring member 2, the sleevemember 156 is looped around the entire distal ring member 156. The twostrap members 5 are attached to an end of the sleeve member 5, andextend from the end of the sleeve member 156 proximally to the secondend 10 in the second layer 11.

As illustrated in FIG. 20, the two strap members 5 are attachedtogether, in this case with the sleeve member 156 providing the means ofattachment.

The circumferential dimension of the sleeve member 156 is substantiallyequal to the sum of the circumferential dimension of the two strapmembers 5, as illustrated in FIG. 20.

The wound retractor device 155 is self-locking to maintain the woundopening 3 laterally retracted.

To maintain the wound opening 3 in the retracted configuration thesecond 10 of each strap member 5 does not have to pass through a slot inthe proximal ring member 4, or to be hooked onto the proximal ringmember 4, or in any other way to be engaged against the proximal ringmember 4. The wound retractor device 155 is self-locking, even when thesecond ends 10 of the strap members 5 do not engage against the proximalring member 4.

After lateral retraction of the sides of the wound opening 3, theportion of the second layer 11 of each strap member 5 which is externalof the wound opening 3 is redundant. This external portion of each strapmember 5 does not contribute to maintaining the wound opening 3retracted, and may therefore be removed if desired, for example bycutting this external portion.

The second ends 10 of the strap members 5 may be moved in a directionsubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A-A of the wound opening3 to retract laterally the sides of the wound opening 3, as illustratedin FIGS. 20 and 21.

Alternatively the second ends 10 of the strap members 5 may be moved ina lateral direction to retract laterally the sides of the wound opening3, as illustrated in FIG. 21(a). In this case, the second ends 10 aremoved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis A-A of the wound opening 3.

Referring to FIG. 22, there is illustrated a further wound retractordevice 56 according to the invention, which is similar to the device 55of FIG. 19, and similar elements in FIG. 22 are assigned the samereference numerals.

In this case, the distal ring member 2 and the proximal ring member 4are substantially square-shaped. The square shape acts to preventbunching of, in particular, the distal ring member 2.

It will be appreciated that the distal ring member 2 and/or the proximalring member 4 may be provided in a variety of different shapes.

It will further be appreciated that hinging means may be provided on thedistal ring member 2 to facilitate temporary collapsing of the distalring member 2 to a lower-profile configuration for ease of insertioninto the wound opening 3.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described,with reference to the accompanying drawings, which may be varied inconstruction and detail.

1. A wound retractor device comprising: a distal member for insertioninto a wound opening; a proximal member for location externally of thewound opening; and a connecting member extending at least between thedistal member and the proximal member; at least part of the connectingmember being movable relative to the proximal member to shorten thelength of the connecting member located between the distal member andthe proximal member and thereby retract laterally the sides of the woundopening.
 2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the connecting membercomprises at least one strap member.
 3. A device as claimed in claim 2wherein the connecting member comprises two or more strap members.
 4. Adevice as claimed in claim 3 wherein a first strap member is separatefrom a second strap member.
 5. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein afirst strap member is attached to a second strap member.
 6. A device asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the connecting member comprises a sleevemember.
 7. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the sleeve memberattaches the first strap member to the second strap member.
 8. A deviceas claimed in claim 6 wherein the first strap member extends from thesleeve member in a first direction, and the second strap member extendsfrom the sleeve member in the first direction.
 9. A device as claimed inclaim 6 wherein the sum of the circumferential dimensions of the strapmembers is substantially equal to the circumferential dimension of thesleeve member.
 10. A device as claimed in claim 6 wherein the strapmember is attached to an end of the sleeve member.
 11. A device asclaimed in claim 10 wherein the first strap member is attached to afirst end of the sleeve member, and the second strap member is attachedto the first end of the sleeve member.
 12. A device as claimed in claim1 wherein at least part of the connecting member is axially movablerelative to the proximal member.
 13. A device as claimed in claim 1wherein at least part of the connecting member is movable relative tothe proximal member in a lateral direction.
 14. A device as claimed inclaim 13 wherein at least part of the connecting member is movablerelative to the proximal member in a direction substantiallyperpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening.
 15. A device asclaimed in claim 1 wherein at least part of the connecting member ismovable relative to the proximal member in a direction substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening.
 16. A device asclaimed in claim 1 wherein at least part of the connecting member isslidably movable relative to the proximal member.
 17. A device asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the device comprises a guide to guidemovement of the connecting member relative to the proximal member.
 18. Adevice as claimed in claim 17 wherein the guide comprises a passagewaythrough which the connecting member is extendable.
 19. A device asclaimed in claim 18 wherein the passageway is provided by a slot in theproximal member.
 20. A device as claimed in claim 18 wherein alongitudinal axis of the passageway is substantially perpendicular to alongitudinal axis of a wound opening.
 21. A device as claimed in claim18 wherein a longitudinal axis of the passageway is substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening.
 22. A device asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the connecting member is movable relative tothe distal member.
 23. A device as claimed in claim 22 wherein thedevice comprises a guide to guide movement of the connecting memberrelative to the distal member.
 24. A device as claimed in claim 23wherein the guide comprises a passageway through which the connectingmember is extendable.
 25. A device as claimed in claim 24 wherein thepassageway is provided by a slot in the distal member.
 26. A device asclaimed in claim 24 wherein a longitudinal axis of the passageway issubstantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a wound opening.27. A device as claimed in claim 24 wherein a longitudinal axis of thepassageway is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of a woundopening.
 28. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the connectingmember extends between the distal member and the proximal member in adouble layer.
 29. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the connectingmember is looped around at least part of the distal member.
 30. A deviceas claimed in claim 1 wherein a first end of the connecting member isfixed relative to the proximal member.
 31. A device as claimed in claim30 wherein a second end of the connecting member is movable relative tothe proximal member.
 32. A device as claimed in claim 31 wherein theconnecting member extends from the first end distally to the distalmember in a first layer, and extends from the distal member proximallyto the second end in a second layer, the second layer being radiallyoutwardly of the first layer.
 33. A device as claimed in claim 31wherein the connecting member extends from the first end distally to thedistal member in a first layer, and extends from the distal memberproximally to the second end in a second layer, the second layer beingradially inwardly of the first layer.
 34. A device as claimed in claim 1wherein the device is configured to self-lock the connecting member inposition relative to the proximal member.
 35. A device as claimed inclaim 1 wherein the connecting member is fixed relative to the distalmember.
 36. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the connecting memberextends between the distal member and the proximal member in a singlelayer.
 37. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least part of theconnecting member is grippable to move at least part of the connectingmember relative to the proximal member.
 38. A device as claimed in claim37 wherein the grippable part of the connecting member is configured tobe located externally of a wound opening.
 39. A device as claimed inclaim 1 wherein the device comprises a lock to releasably lock theconnecting member in position relative to the proximal member.
 40. Adevice as claimed in claim 39 wherein the lock comprises a maleprotrusion for co-operating engagement with a female recess.
 41. Adevice as claimed in claim 40 wherein the proximal member comprises themale protrusion, and the connecting member comprises the female recess.42. A device as claimed in claim 40 wherein the lock comprises aplurality of female recesses.
 43. A device as claimed in claim 39wherein the lock comprises an engagement member releasably fixable tothe connecting member to engage against the proximal member.
 44. Adevice as claimed in claim 43 wherein the engagement member comprises aclamp.
 45. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the device comprises aprotector to protect a retracted wound opening.
 46. A device as claimedin claim 45 wherein the protector comprises a sleeve member to line aretracted wound opening.
 47. A device as claimed in claim 46 wherein thesleeve member is mounted to the distal member.
 48. A device as claimedin claim 47 wherein a first end of the sleeve member is fixed to thedistal member and a second end of the sleeve member is configured forlocation externally of a wound opening.
 49. A device as claimed in claim1 wherein the proximal member comprises a ring.
 50. A device as claimedin claim 1 wherein the distal member comprises a ring.
 51. A device asclaimed in claim 49 wherein the ring is substantially circular.
 52. Adevice as claimed in claim 49 wherein the ring is substantiallysquare-shaped.
 53. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the connectingmember comprises a plurality of strap members spaced around thecircumference of the proximal member and/or the distal member.
 54. Amethod of retracting a wound opening, the method comprising the stepsof: providing a wound retractor device comprising a distal member, aproximal member, and a connecting member extending at least between thedistal member and the proximal member; inserting the distal member intothe wound opening, and locating the proximal member externally of thewound opening; and moving at least part of the connecting memberrelative to the proximal member to shorten the length of the connectingmember located between the distal member and the proximal member andthereby retract laterally the sides of the wound opening.
 55. A methodas claimed in claim 54 wherein at least part of the connecting member ismoved axially relative to the proximal member.
 56. A method as claimedin claim 54 wherein at least part of the connecting member is movedrelative to the proximal member in a lateral direction.
 57. A method asclaimed in claim 56 wherein at least part of the connecting member ismoved relative to the proximal member in a direction substantiallyperpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the wound opening.
 58. A methodas claimed in claim 54 wherein at least part of the connecting member ismoved relative to the proximal member in a direction substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of the wound opening.
 59. A method asclaimed in claim 54 wherein at least part of the connecting member isslidably moved relative to the proximal member.
 60. A method as claimedin claim 54 wherein the method comprises the steps of gripping at leastpart of the connecting member and exerting a force on the connectingmember to move at least part of the connecting member relative to theproximal member.
 61. A method as claimed in claim 60 wherein the methodcomprises the step of releasing the connecting member after lateralretraction of the sides of the wound opening.
 62. A method as claimed inclaim 54 wherein the method comprises the step of guiding movement ofthe connecting member relative to the proximal member.
 63. A method asclaimed in claim 54 wherein the method comprises the step of moving theconnecting member relative to the distal member.
 64. A method as claimedin claim 63 wherein the method comprises the step of guiding movement ofthe connecting member relative the distal member.
 65. A method asclaimed in claim 54 wherein the connecting member is locked in positionrelative to the proximal member after lateral retraction of the sides ofthe wound opening.
 66. A method as claimed in claim 65 wherein the woundretractor device self-locks the connecting member in position relativeto the proximal member.
 67. A method as claimed in claim 65 wherein themethod comprises the step of releasably locking the connecting member inposition relative to the proximal member.
 68. A method as claimed inclaim 67 wherein the connecting member is releasably locked in positionrelative to the proximal member by engaging a male protrusion with afemale recess.
 69. A method as claimed in claim 67 wherein theconnecting member is releasably locked in position relative to theproximal member by fixing an engagement member to the connecting member,and engaging the engagement member against the proximal member.
 70. Amethod as claimed in claim 55 wherein the method comprises the step ofprotecting the retracted wound opening.
 71. A method as claimed in claim70 wherein the method comprises the step of locating a protector betweenthe connecting member and the sides of wound opening.
 72. A method asclaimed in claim 71 wherein the step of locating the protector betweenthe connecting member and the sides of the wound opening is performedafter the distal member is inserted into the wound opening.
 73. A methodas claimed in claim 72 wherein the protector is inserted into the woundopening with the distal member.
 74. A method as claimed in claim 73wherein the protector is retrieved from within the wound opening tolocate the protector between the connecting member and the sides of thewound opening.